Electrical work

Main stages of electrical installation works < /h2>

The entire complex of electrical installation works is divided into four stages.

• The first stage & ndash; organization and preparation of EMR production. At this stage, before the start of work on the object, the following measures should be carried out: a work production project has been developed, working documentation for the production of electrical installation works has been received; engineering and technical workers and foremen have been familiarized with working documentation and estimates, organizational and technical solutions of the work production project; schedules for the supply of equipment, products and materials have been agreed, taking into account the technological sequence of work production; the list of electrical equipment installed with the involvement of the chief installation personnel of supplier enterprises; conditions for transportation of heavy and large-sized electrical equipment to the installation site; the necessary premises for housing teams of workers, engineering and technical workers, production facilities, as well as for storing materials and tools with the provision of measures for labor protection, fire safety and environmental protection have been prepared and adopted; acceptance according to the act of the construction part of the object for the installation of electrical devices was carried out and the measures provided for by the norms and rules for labor protection, fire safety and environmental protection during the work were carried out.
• The second stage As a rule, the production of electrical installation works is carried out in two stages. During the first of them, support structures are installed inside structures and buildings for the installation of electrical equipment and busbars, hidden electrical wiring is performed, grounding networks and external cable networks are installed. All these procedures must be performed simultaneously with the main construction works (according to a combined schedule). The second stage is characterized by works on the direct installation of electrical equipment, laying cables, wires and busbars to the necessary points. Installation of electrical devices should be carried out on the basis of the application of the complete-block construction method with the installation of equipment supplied by enlarged nodes that do not require straightening, cutting, drilling or other fitting operations and adjustment during installation.
• The third stage & ndash; performing commissioning works. Commissioning is a complex of works that includes checking, tuning and testing of electrical equipment in order to ensure the electrical parameters and modes specified by the project. Commissioning of electrical devices is carried out in four stages. At the first (preparatory) stage, the commissioning organization must: develop a working program for the production of commissioning works; to transmit to the customer the comments on the project of electrical installation works identified during the development of the work program for the production of commissioning works; to prepare a fleet of measuring equipment, testing equipment and devices. At the second stage, the commissioning organization checks the installed electrical equipment with the supply of voltage from the test circuits to individual devices and functional groups. This stage of work can be combined with the performance of electrical installation work on the object. The start of commissioning works at this stage is determined by the degree of readiness of construction and installation works: all construction works, including finishing, must be completed in the electrical premises, all openings, wells and cable channels are closed, lighting, heating and ventilation are completed, the installation of electrical equipment is completed and its grounding is performed. At the third stage of commissioning, individual tests of electrical equipment are performed. The beginning of this stage is the introduction of an operational mode at this electrical installation, after which the commissioning works should relate to the works performed in existing electrical installations. At this stage, the commissioning organization adjusts the parameters, protection settings and characteristics of electrical equipment, testing control, protection and alarm circuits, as well as electrical equipment at idle to prepare for individual tests of technological equipment. At the fourth stage of commissioning, a comprehensive testing of electrical equipment is carried out according to approved programs. At this stage, commissioning work should be carried out to configure the interaction of electrical circuits and electrical equipment systems in various modes. Commissioning works at the fourth stage are considered completed after the electrical equipment has received the electrical parameters and modes provided for by the project, ensuring a stable technological process for the production of the first batch of products, in the amount established for the initial period of development of the design capacity of the object. The work of the commissioning organization is considered completed subject to the signing of the certificate of acceptance of commissioning works.
• The final stage of the complex of electrical installation works is testing and commissioning of the object. Electrical installation organizations, before putting the object into operation, create a technical commission from among their engineering and technical workers, experienced foremen. The technical Commission is headed by the chief engineer of the organization. The technical commission checks the quality of electrical installation work at the facility planned for commissioning, makes a list of defects and defects. After the elimination of defects and defects, the electrical installation organization acting as a contractor gives a written notice to the general contractor about the readiness of the electrical installations of the object for presentation to the working commission. Working commissions are appointed by the decision of the customer organization. The working commissions include representatives of the customer, the chairman of the commission, the general contractor, subcontractors, the operational organization, the general designer, state sanitary supervision bodies, state fire supervision bodies, etc. After the necessary inspections are carried out by the working commission (in accordance with SNiP 3.01.04-87), the final acceptance into operation by the state acceptance commission is carried out. Acceptance into operation of objects completed by construction by state acceptance commissions is made out by acts< / li>

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